Abstract
Inonotus obliquus is an edible mushroom and also a remedy against various diseases, especially metabolic syndrome. In this paper we report the actions of an ethanol extract of I. obliquus (IOE) against hyperuricemia in hyperuricemic mice, and the screen of bioactives. The extract (IOE) was prepared by extracting I. obliquus at 65 °C with ethanol, and characterized by HPLC. IOE at low, middle, and high doses reduced serum uric acid (SUA) of hyperuricemic mice (353 μmol/L) to 215, 174, and 152 μmol/L (p < 0.01), respectively, showing similar hypouricemic effectiveness to the positive controls. IOE showed a non-toxic impact on kidney and liver functions. Of note, IOE suppressed xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in serum and liver, and also down-regulated renal uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1). Four compounds hit highly against XOD in molecular docking. Overall, the four compounds all occupied the active tunnel, which may inhibit the substrate from entering. The IC50 of betulin was assayed at 121.10 ± 4.57 μM, which was near to that of allopurinol (148.10 ± 5.27 μM). Betulin may be one of the anti-hyperuricemia bioactives in I. obliquus.
Highlights
Inonotus obliquus belongs to the Hymenochaetaceae family and is a white-rot fungus parasitizing on birches throughout Eurasia [1]
I. obliquus has been used as a remedy to cure various diseases, especially metabolic syndrome, based on a long tradition of empirical use since the 12th century
We provided the evidence for its new industrial use against hyperuricemia, which we have endeavored to do for several years [13,14]
Summary
Inonotus obliquus belongs to the Hymenochaetaceae family and is a white-rot fungus parasitizing on birches throughout Eurasia [1]. It was verified that it was effective against hyperglycemia [3], cancer [4], inflammation [5], and especially regulation of metabolism [1]. Bioactives, such as triterpenes, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and melanin, have been isolated and characterized in I. obliquus, and are responsible for antitumor activities [6,7,8], anti-inflammatory ability [5], antioxidant effects [9], hypoglycemic ability [3], immunomodulatory activity [10], and antimutagenic properties [11].
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