Action of the anticoccidial clazuril on the endogenous stages of Eimeria labbeana and E columbarum in experimentally infected pigeons

Abstract

Racing pigeons were artificially infected with a mixed inoculum of Eimeria labbeana (85 per cent) and E columbarum (15 per cent) and treated orally with 2.5 mg clazuril either on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 after infection. The impact of the treatment on the different developmental stages was evaluated by oocyst output and by histological examination of the duodenum and jejunum. The life cycle always became completely interrupted, but maximal effects were noted when treatment was given on day 4, 5 or 6 after infection. Treatment during patency completely interrupted oocyst excretion within three days after dosing. Degenerative changes in schizonts and gametocytes were always observed. The histology revealed a reduced number and abnormal structure of developing merozoites; a ballooned aspect and presence of numerous small vacuoles in the microgametocytes; the absence of typical wall-forming bodies in macrogametocytes and a complete absence of oocysts. It is concluded that clazuril has a coccidiocidal effect on the asexual and sexual developmental stages of both Eimeria species, resulting in a complete interruption of the life cycle.