Abstract
BackgroundEssential oils (EO) obtained from twenty medicinal and aromatic plants were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the oral pathogens Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis.MethodsThe antimicrobial activity of the EO was evaluates by microdilution method determining Minimal Inhibitory Concentration. Chemical analysis of the oils compounds was performed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (CG-MS). The most active EO were also investigated as to their actions on the biolfilm formation.ResultsThe most of the essential oils (EO) presented moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against the oral pathogens (MIC - Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations values between 0.007 and 1.00 mg/mL). The essential oil from Coriandrum sativum inhibited all oral species with MIC values from 0.007 to 0.250 mg/mL, and MBC/MFC (Minimal Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentrations) from 0.015 to 0.500 mg/mL. On the other hand the essential oil of C. articulatus inhibited 63.96% of S. sanguis biofilm formation. Through Scanning Eletronic Microscopy (SEM) images no changes were observed in cell morphology, despite a decrease in biofilm formation and changes on biofilm structure. Chemical analysis by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of the C. sativum essential oil revealed major compounds derivatives from alcohols and aldehydes, while Cyperus articulatus and Aloysia gratissima (EOs) presented mono and sesquiterpenes.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the crude oil from C. articulatus exhibited the best results of antimicrobial activity e ability to control biofilm formation. The chemical analysis showed the presence of terpenes and monoterpenes such as a-pinene, a-bulnesene and copaene. The reduction of biofilms formation was confirmed from SEM images. The results of this research shows a great potential from the plants studied as new antimicrobial sources.
Highlights
Essential oils (EO) obtained from twenty medicinal and aromatic plants were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the oral pathogens Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis
Oral biofilm acquires new microbial species in each stage of its development, including Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus sanguis, S. mutans, S. mitis and S. sobrinus, which due their pathogenicity could damage the enamel and gum tissue [3]. Diseases appear in this micro-environment when there is a lack of equilibrium in the ecosystem of the bacterial biofilm formed [4], and the mechanical removal of the biofilm is an important factor to prevention of caries and periodontal diseases
Oil and fractions yields The EOs and fractions yields are presented in Tables 2 and 3, respectively, relative to mass of dry plant material
Summary
Essential oils (EO) obtained from twenty medicinal and aromatic plants were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the oral pathogens Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis. Oral biofilm acquires new microbial species in each stage of its development, including Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus sanguis, S. mutans, S. mitis and S. sobrinus, which due their pathogenicity could damage the enamel and gum tissue [3]. Diseases appear in this micro-environment when there is a lack of equilibrium in the ecosystem of the bacterial biofilm formed [4], and the mechanical removal of the biofilm is an important factor to prevention of caries and periodontal diseases. Verbenaceae Aloisia leaf 274/700 UEC 121.412 Sedative, antispasmodic. Popular Name Source No CPMA No Voucher* Popular use Aloysia gratissima (Giil & Hook)
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