Abstract
The environmental conditions of caves shape microbiota. Within caves’ microbial communities, actinomycetes are among the most abundant bacteria. Cave actinomycetes have gained increasing attention during the last decades due to novel bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, their potential role in soil environments is still unknown. This review summarises the literature dealing with actinomycetes from caves, underlining for the first time their potential roles in soil environments. We provide an overview of their diversity and biotechnological properties, underling their potential role in soil environments applications. The contribution of caves’ actinomycetes in soil fertility and bioremediation and crops biostimulation and biocontrol are discussed. The survey on the literature show that several actinomycetes genera are present in cave ecosystems, mainly Streptomyces, Micromonospora, and Nocardiopsis. Among caves’ actinomycetes, Streptomyces is the most studied genus due to its ubiquity, survival capabilities, and metabolic versatility. Despite actinomycetes’ outstanding capabilities and versatility, we still have inadequate information regarding cave actinomycetes distribution, population dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and metabolisms. Research on cave actinomycetes needs to be encouraged, especially concerning environmental soil applications to improve soil fertility and health and to antagonise phytopathogens.
Highlights
Published: 16 February 2022Actinomycetes are prokaryotic organisms regrouped into the Bacteria taxonomic group, playing an essential role within the microbiota of all environments [1]
To evaluate the suitability of caves’ actinomycetes to be used in soil environments, we summarised the literature dealing with actinomycetes from caves
Pinzari and collaborators detected some actinobacteria species as the cause of the parchment discolouration [120]; this phenomenon consists of the occurrence of purple spots on the parchment, and the proliferation of actinobacteria could provide favourable conditions for the development of proteolytic and mitosporic fungi that contribute to the deterioration process [121]
Summary
Actinomycetes are prokaryotic organisms regrouped into the Bacteria taxonomic group, playing an essential role within the microbiota of all environments [1]. Among the environments that cetes used for agricultural purposes, the source of isolation can be the rhizosphere of induce the selection of actinomycetes with unique characteristics, there are the hypogean plants grown at the re-application site to improve their subsequent reuse [4]. Caves are rich in carbonates, sulphates, phosphates, and potassium-rich sediments, with diverse but approximately stable temperatures and humidity [5,6] These conditions shape a unique mineral solubilising microflora. Soil mineral solubilising microflora transforms complex and insoluble forms of minerals into simple nutrients [7] This capability is significant in biogeochemical cycling and is a sustainable approach to improving crop metal-binding proteins. This review provides, for the first time, useful information for future research on caves’ actinomycetes as soil environment improvement agents
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