Actinobacteria: Basic Adaptation to Harsh Environments

Abstract

Adverse physicochemical environments are significant sources to recover the extreme actinobacterial communities. In these harsh environmental conditions, most mesophilic microbes perish because of the lack of adaptability. However, despite the harsh environments, few types of microbes can still be able to survive and even reproduce at different physicochemically limited conditions, and they are popularly known as extremophiles. The main reason behind this adaptation is due to their abundance in amino acid composition, which influences the protein folding capabilities of these microbes. The current chapter has revealed extreme actinobacteria communities in different hostile environments such as high or low temperature, high salinity, acidic or alkaline conditions, high pressure, and dry-desiccation conditions. One of the distinguishing features of the extremophilic actinobacteria is concerns about their propagation in a broader range of environments. Advancements have been made in developing L-strategy for categorizing the microbes under unfavorable conditions as either highly tolerant or resistant to environmental stress conditions.