Abstract
This review paper has explored politeness in non-verbal form to come to hints for indicating the ideology. Politeness in non-verbal form is researched by reviewing verbal politeness theories through interpretive techniques, and then the data in form of interpreted hints based on the reviews are analyzed by employing a coding technique. The six non-verbal hints of politeness found out based on the theoretical reviews are silence for politeness, gestures for politeness, gifts for politeness, observance of norms, rules, and regulations for politeness, adjusted behavior for politeness, and performance for politeness. The hints expectedly provide a sufficient account for non-verbal politeness in interactions or communication between a speaker and a hearer. The findings also encourage promoting harmony among speakers of languages in non-verbal interactions or communication, especially in formal situations or in the general public. The hints are hopefully also worth considering in the context of English language teaching and learning across languages and cultures in the world.
Highlights
Language use is a matter of probabilities (Jumanto, 2014), either verbal language or non-verbal language
This review paper has explored politeness in non-verbal form to come to hints for indicating the ideology
Politeness in non-verbal form is researched by reviewing verbal politeness theories through interpretive techniques, and the data in form of interpreted hints based on the reviews are analyzed by employing a coding technique
Summary
Language use is a matter of probabilities (Jumanto, 2014), either verbal language or non-verbal language. The word acting refers to the art or practice of representing a character on a stage or before cameras (Note 1), analogically used here as acting before a particular hearer or in the general public. This acting may be in form of facial expressions or gestures, or else indicating non-verbal responses for communicating messages. Along with the development of face theory, there has been interpersonal face or social face The former is managed together by a speaker and a hearer in a vis-a-vis communication, while the latter is protected together by a particular social group in interactions or communication. Interpersonal face or social face needs to be considered as well as maintained for the sake of interpersonal harmony or social harmony
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