Actin filaments predominate in morphogenic cell stages, whereas plaques predominate in non-morphogenic cell stages in Peronosporomycetes

Abstract

We investigated the structural distribution of both types of actin arrays, filaments and plaques, in a soil-borne phytopathogenic peronosporomycete (oomycete), Aphanomyces cochlioides, under standardized host-free bioassays. The phenomenon was monitored during progression through all the asexual developmental processes of the organism. It was noted that the filamentous-form of actin was predominant during the morphogenic (morphologically active) stages of development. Conversely, during non-morphogenic (morphologically quiescent) stages, plaques dominated. From these analyses, we proposed a criterion that predominance of an actin form relates to, and precedes the morphological behaviour of a cellular stage in Peronosporomycetes. A decrease in the quantity of plaques in the encysted zoospore (non-morphogenic stage) during its developmental progression into morphogenic stages, both in germination and regeneration processes, asserted the notion that plaques function as the organization centres and are related to the reorganization of cell structure and the transition of the cell into a new stage. Furthermore, polymerization of filamentous-form during emergence stages in zoospore regeneration process revealed that filaments render motility to a developing zoospore. This unprecedented function of filaments in the developing zoospores was demonstrated using nicotinamide (0.8 × 10 −6 m), which did not cause actin disruption, but could induce zoospore encystment, and its further replacement with water triggered the zoospore emergence process. Additionally, by using latrunculin B, an actin polymerization inhibitor, we also demonstrated the functional necessity of actin during various developmental processes in Aphanomyces.