Actigraphy-Derived Sleep Is Associated with Eating Behavior Characteristics.

Rocío Barragán,Samantha Scaccia,Marie-Pierre St-Onge,Justin Cochran,Faris M Zuraikat,Si Li,Bin Cheng,Victoria Tam

doi:10.3390/nu13030852

Abstract

Poor sleep is a determinant of obesity, with overconsumption of energy contributing to this relationship. Eating behavior characteristics are predictive of energy intake and weight change and may underlie observed associations of sleep with weight status and obesity risk factors. However, relationships between sleep and dimensions of eating behavior, as well as possible individual differences in these relations, are not well characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep behaviors, including duration, timing, quality, and regularity relate to dietary restraint, disinhibition, and tendency towards hunger and to explore whether these associations differ by sex. This cross-sectional study included 179 adults aged 20–73 years (68.7% women, 64.8% with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Sleep was evaluated by accelerometry over 2 weeks. Eating behavior dimensions were measured with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Prolonged wake after sleep onset (WASO) (0.029 ± 0.011, p = 0.007), greater sleep fragmentation index (0.074 ± 0.036, p = 0.041), and lower sleep efficiency (−0.133 ± 0.051, p = 0.010) were associated with higher dietary restraint. However, higher restraint attenuated associations of higher WASO and sleep fragmentation with higher BMI (p-interactions < 0.10). In terms of individual differences, sex influenced associations of sleep quality measures with tendency towards hunger (p-interactions < 0.10). Stratified analyses showed that, in men only, higher sleep fragmentation index, longer sleep onset latency, and lower sleep efficiency were associated with greater tendency towards hunger (β = 0.115 ± 0.037, p = 0.003, β = 0.169 ± 0.072, p = 0.023, β = −0.150 ± 0.055, p = 0.009, respectively). Results of this analysis suggest that the association of poor sleep on food intake could be exacerbated in those with eating behavior traits that predispose to overeating, and this sleep-eating behavior relation may be sex-dependent. Strategies to counter overconsumption in the context of poor quality sleep should be evaluated in light of eating behavior traits.

Highlights

There is increasing evidence that sleep influences cardiometabolic health, including obesity risk
We evaluated the interaction of sleep with eating behavior characteristics on the outcome of body mass index (BMI) to explore whether established associations of sleep with BMI [6,49,50] were influenced by eating behavior characteristics
Of the 179 participants included in analyses, 68.7% were women and 64.8% had body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2

Summary

Introduction

There is increasing evidence that sleep influences cardiometabolic health, including obesity risk. The association between the hedonic system and short sleep duration has been supported by neuroimaging studies showing an increase in the neuronal responses to food stimuli in regions of the brain related to the reward system and involved in hedonic feeding following sleep deprivation [12,13,14,15,16]. These findings indicate that underpinnings of the sleep-obesity relation are biopsychosocial

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