Abstract
Acrylamide in food is formed by the Maillard reaction. Numerous studies have shown that acrylamide is a neurotoxic and carcinogenic compound. The aim of this study was to determine the level of acrylamide in breast milk at different lactation stages and to evaluate the impact of breastfeeding women’s diet on the content of this compound in breast milk. The acrylamide level in breast milk samples was determined by LC–MS/MS. Breastfeeding women’s diet was evaluated based on the 24 h dietary recall. The median acrylamide level in colostrum (n = 47) was significantly (p < 0.0005) lower than in the mature milk (n = 26)—0.05 µg/L and 0.14 µg/L, respectively. The estimated breastfeeding women’s acrylamide intake from the hospital diet was significantly (p < 0.0001) lower than that from the home diet. We found positive—although modest and borderline significant—correlation between acrylamide intake by breastfeeding women from the hospital diet µg/day) and acrylamide level in the colostrum (µg/L). Acrylamide has been detected in human milk samples, and a positive correlation between dietary acrylamide intake by breastfeeding women and its content in breast milk was observed, which suggests that the concentration can be reduced. Breastfeeding women should avoid foods that may be a source of acrylamide in their diet.
Highlights
Breast milk is a “golden standard” in infant nutrition
The present study found the variability in terms of the acrylamide content, breast milk samples, which was surprising, especially when it comes to colostrum, because the study subjects were on a hospital diet with similar product composition
In one breast milk sample collected from one of these women, the acrylamide level amounted to 0.20 μg/L, while in the samples of the three remaining women, it was below the limit of quantification (LOQ)
Summary
Breast milk is a “golden standard” in infant nutrition. It supplies all the necessary nutrients in amounts covering the demand at a particular stage of the infant’s development.It is a source of a wide range of immunological components that prevent allergies and protect against infection. Breast milk is a “golden standard” in infant nutrition. It supplies all the necessary nutrients in amounts covering the demand at a particular stage of the infant’s development. It is a source of a wide range of immunological components that prevent allergies and protect against infection. It needs to be emphasised that chemical contaminants arising from environmental pollution and technological contamination, including so-called processing contaminants, (acrylamide for example), may be relatively be transferred to breast milk and pose a risk for the infant’s health
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