Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a useful eukaryotic model to study the toxicity of acrolein, an important environmental toxin and endogenous product of lipid peroxidation. The study was aimed at elucidation of the cytotoxic effect of acrolein on the yeast deficient in SOD1, Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase which is hypersensitive to aldehydes. Acrolein generated within the cell from its precursor allyl alcohol caused growth arrest and cell death of the yeast cells. The growth inhibition involved an increase in production of reactive oxygen species and high level of protein carbonylation. DNA condensation and fragmentation, exposition of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface as well as decreased dynamic of actin microfilaments and mitochondria disintegration point to the induction of apoptotic-type cell death besides necrotic cell death.
Highlights
Acrolein is an environmental and intracellular-formed toxin
We reported recently that the toxicity of acrolein generated from allyl alcohol in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells involves oxidative stress as judged by glutathione (GSH) depletion, protection by low-molecular antioxidants and hypoxic atmosphere, induction of lipid peroxidation and Yap1p activation [3]
We focused on the question whether the toxicity of acrolein generated from allyl alcohol for yeast cells results from growth arrest or leads to cell death
Summary
Acrolein is an environmental and intracellular-formed toxin. This compound is generated in many industrial processes like synthesis of organic compounds and is a product of combustion, smoking, automotive exhaust and is formed endogenously as a lipid peroxidation product [1]. To further elucidate the mechanism of acrolein toxicity to yeast cells, we studied the effects of allyl alcohol treatment on the yeast cells viability comparing to the effects of hydrogen peroxide and menadione, the commonly used toxicants inducing oxidative stress and cell death. Exogenous H2O2 was the first compound shown to trigger apoptosis in yeast cells and is the classical stimulus commonly used to induce yeast apoptosis [10, 11]. Menadione was shown to induce cell death through apoptosis in Jurkat cells [13], pancreatic acinar cells [14], and yeast cells [15]
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