Abstract
BackgroundAcquisition of pluripotency by transcriptional regulatory factors is an initial developmental event that is required for regulation of cell fate and lineage specification during early embryonic development. The evolutionarily conserved core transcriptional factors regulating the pluripotency network in fishes, amphibians, and mammals have been elucidated. There are also species-specific maternally inherited transcriptional factors and their intricate transcriptional networks important in the acquisition of pluripotency. In avian species, however, the core transcriptional network that governs the acquisition of pluripotency during early embryonic development is not well understood.ResultsWe found that chicken NANOG (cNANOG) was expressed in the stages between the pre-ovulatory follicle and oocyte and was continuously detected in Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stage I (EGK.I) to X. However, cPOUV was not expressed during folliculogenesis, but began to be detectable between EGK.V and VI. Unexpectedly, cSOX2 could not be detected during folliculogenesis and intrauterine embryonic development. Instead of cSOX2, cSOX3 was maternally inherited and continuously expressed during chicken intrauterine development. In addition, we found that the pluripotency-related genes such as cENS-1, cKIT, cLIN28A, cMYC, cPRDM14, and cSALL4 began to be dramatically upregulated between EGK.VI and VIII.ConclusionThese results suggest that chickens have a unique pluripotent circuitry since maternally inherited cNANOG and cSOX3 may play an important role in the initial acquisition of pluripotency. Moreover, the acquisition of pluripotency in chicken embryos occurs at around EGK.VI to VIII.
Highlights
Acquisition of pluripotency by transcriptional regulatory factors is an initial developmental event that is required for regulation of cell fate and lineage specification during early embryonic development
To examine which of the core pluripotent transcription factors are maternally inherited in chicken, cPOUV, chicken NANOG (cNANOG), and cSOX2 genes were evaluated on the stages between Large white follicle (WF) and oocytes together with Primordial germ cell (PGC), Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stage (EGK).X, and Chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) samples using Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
The results of RT-PCR showed that cNANOG was detected continuously from the oocyte to stage EGK.X but cPOUV was first detectable at EGK.V and its expression was upregulated thereafter
Summary
Acquisition of pluripotency by transcriptional regulatory factors is an initial developmental event that is required for regulation of cell fate and lineage specification during early embryonic development. There are species-specific maternally inherited transcriptional factors and their intricate transcriptional networks important in the acquisition of pluripotency. Oct3/4 and Sox are maternally inherited transcription factors [3], while Nanog is initially expressed in the compacted morulae [4]. These transcription factors collaborate to constitute a regulatory network, and share many target genes [5, 6]. In zebrafish, Oct (Pou5f3), SoxB1, and Nanog are maternally inherited to establish the pluripotency network
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