Acquisition of cardiovascular kinetics via treadmill exercise – A tool to monitor physical fitness during space missions

Abstract

IntroductionThe aim of the preliminary presentation of results of the ongoing project onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is to evaluate whether the application of a kinetics test protocol with pseudo randomized changes of moderate walking speeds on a treadmill is feasible on board the ISS, and whether potential changes in cardiorespiratory parameters can be tracked. MethodsOverall, 5 male cosmonauts (47 ± 3 yrs) were tested before and after the space mission on a treadmill, applying pseudo randomized changes in speed until subjective exhaustion. Of these, 3 cosmonauts were also tested during space flight. Oxygen uptake (only pre/post) and heart rate (HR) were measured and time series analysis was used to obtain kinetics information. Higher maxima of the cross-correlation functions (CCFmax) between the applied velocity and the respective parameter indicate faster kinetics. ResultsPeak treadmill velocity (pre vs. post: 13.9 ± 1.7 vs. 12.4 ± 1.9 km/h; p = 0.043) was significantly slower after space flight. Average HR values during rest (69 ± 5 vs. 79 ± 10 beats/min, p = 0.043), 6 km/h (102 ± 14 vs. 113 ± 16 beats/min, p = 0.043) and 10 km/h (129 ± 9 vs. 138 ± 11 beats/min, p = 0.043) were higher, and HR kinetics (0.68 ± 0.08 vs. 0.44 ± 0.08, p = 0.043) were significantly slower after space flight. DiscussionThe kinetics test with pseudo randomized, moderate work rate (WR) changes on a treadmill is applicable in the exercise test setting onboard the ISS. Cardiorespiratory kinetics were slowed after the long duration space flight, which provides important information about the underlying mechanisms of decreases in physical fitness.