Acoustics of a selection of famous 18th century opera houses: Versailles, Markgräfliches, Drottningholm, Schweitzingen

Abstract

This paper presents the analysis of the acoustical measurements conducted in 8 renowned baroque Opera Houses located in France and Germany. Still in authentic condition to their time of usage, and incorporating the historical changing scenery system (shutter and groove), these Houses have undergone little renovations. The acoustical analysis investigates the performances of these great Houses using energy parameters, balance between stage and orchestra parameters, 3D intensity plots, new spatial distribution parameters and timbre frequency analysis. The objective of the study is to deduce (for the Constellation Project) design targets for a medium size Opera House against these benchmarks and also to revisit the use of the lateral changing scenery system as used in the Baroque era, as an original scenery design concept for a new House. The paper presents the unique qualities of the rooms, illustrates some of acoustical benefits of the 18th century Opera House design characteristics, discusses some differences in the design approach between the Italian and the French traditions and proposes new perspectives for modern Opera Houses design.