Abstract
This paper introduces the reader to some of the various methods that are available for the time-domain bio-acoustical monitoring of patient breathing. Technical details concerning microphone selection, calibration and characterization, signal amplification, signal filtering and waveform recording are presented. We also describe proof of concept recordings obtained from the neck, from the external ear canal, from a microphone embedded into an oxygen mask and from a leak-free microphone pneumatically connected to the cuff of a laryngeal mask airway. We recommend Audacity, an open-source digital audio editor and recording package that can be freely downloaded at https://www.audacityteam.org for investigators seeking to conduct research on breath sound analysis.
Highlights
In contemporary medicine the need for respiratory monitoring has become especially important with the heavy use of opioids for perioperative pain management [1 - 3]
No simple dependable method of continuous respiratory monitoring has come into routine clinical use, the Masimo system of respiratory monitoring [4] and capnography (CO2 monitoring) come close
Capnography is amongst the most popular method of continuous respiratory monitoring but suffers from a need to continually ensure that the gas sampling system is operating correctly [5]
Summary
In contemporary medicine the need for respiratory monitoring has become especially important with the heavy use of opioids for perioperative pain management [1 - 3]. Despite this clinical need, no simple dependable method of continuous respiratory monitoring has come into routine clinical use, the Masimo system of respiratory monitoring [4] and capnography (CO2 monitoring) come close. In addition to reviewing some of the practical fundamentals of practical acoustical respiratory monitoring this report provides information of potential value to investigators who wish to develop up their own system for digital recording and analysis of breath sounds with a view to exploring how acoustical methods of respiratory monitoring might be improved. Preliminary results are provided in this report on the potential value of studying breath sounds recorded from
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