Abstract
Sound scattering by zooplankton is a major source of high-frequency, volume reverberation in the sea. The importance of zooplankton in the formation of sound-scattering layers (SSLs) has long been recognized. Only recently, however, has this sound scattering been quantified to map and characterize the distributions of marine zooplankton. Here, new methods of acoustically mapping and analyzing the fine- to coarse-scale structure (‘‘patchiness’’) of zooplankton distributions are reported. Examples of two-dimensional mapping and statistical analyses will be drawn from submersible-collected data of the fine-scale horizontal patchiness within krill SSLs in the Gulf of Maine; examples of three-dimensional mapping (i.e., three-dimensional volume rendering) and statistical analyses will be drawn from ship survey data of coarse-scale zooplankton patchiness in the waters above Fieberling Guyot in the north Pacific. [Work supported by ONR Oceanic Biology.]
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