Acoustical Design Features associated with Noise Level in Health Facilities: The Case of Dialysis Facilities

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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine acoustical design features associated with different noise levels measured in dialysis facilities. Dialysis facilities were selected because they have noise sources that were similar across facilities but varying acoustical design features. Research Design Specific acoustical features in patient treatment areas were observed in 55 dialysis facilities in Texas. Decibel level was recorded from a sample of patient stations in each facility. Sources of noise and ability of staff and patients to control loudness were documented. Analysis Nonparametric correlations and analysis of variance were used to test for acoustical features associated with differences in mean level of noise between facilities, controlling for observer bias and measurement error. Key Findings Noise levels in all facilities exceeded levels appropriate for patient care environments. Televisions and staff talking contributed significantly to the noise level measured in an open plan treatment environment. Acoustical tiles, wall covering, wall cabinets, and shelves did not alter the high noise level. Noise level did vary according to acoustical screening effects of treatment room layouts. Sound reverberating within a bay of patient stations contributed to higher noise levels. A pinwheel layout was significantly quieter, reflecting sound more randomly because of the geometry of treatment stations configured at right angles. Conclusion Noisy environments increase stress and decrease work performance—a condition detrimental to effective and efficient health care. The only acoustical feature associated with differences in noise level was layout of patient stations. The different screening effects of the various layouts were significant in modifying the noise level in the treatment environment.