Abstract
Absorption and velocity of sound were measured in various submicron size perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsions in water of the types considered for use as artificial blood substitutes. The attenuation of sound was measured in the frequency range 1 to 95 MHz with computer‐assisted VHF and UHF send‐receive apparatus. Concentrated aqueous emulsions of F‐decalin, F‐tributylamine, and F‐phenanthrene stabilized by various surfactants including fluorinated surfactants were studied as well as Fluosol‐43 emulsion, a commercially produced emulsion for use as an artificial blood substitute. The attenuation of sound waves in the abovementioned PFC emulsions can be theoretically described by heat conduction losses, viscous drag losses, and scattering of sound. In contrast to the majority of hydrocarbon/water emulsions, in PFC emulsions the contribution to acoustic absorption of the viscous drag losses and heat conduction losses are approximately equal to magnitude, though shifted in frequency. This is a result of the high density of perfluorochemicals. [Work partially supported by Advanced Biosystems Inc.]
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