Abstract
The ice canopy that covers large areas of the Arctic in winter is acoustically a very complex structure. It is a layered, anisotropic solid containing brine drainage channels as well as inclusions of brine and precipitated salts. Because of this complexity, it is desirable to ascertain those ice characteristics that play a dominant role in the reflection process. To this end, the plane‐wave reflection coefficient for reflection from smooth ice and snow cover has been modeled using a matrix approach. Results are presented for frequencies of 1 to 5 kHz, showing the effect of layers of ice chosen to conform to a measured sound velocity profile in floe‐ice. The reduction in reflectivity due to the absorption of shear and compressional waves in ice are displayed and the effect of the addition of a 30‐cm snow layer is demonstrated. [Work supported by ONR.]
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