Abstract
Pathological changes in biological tissue are related to the changes in mechanical properties of biological tissue. Conventional medical screening tools such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography have failed to produce the elastic properties of biological tissues directly. Ultrasound elasticity imaging (UEI) has been proposed as a promising imaging tool to map the elastic parameters of soft tissues for the clinical diagnosis of various diseases include prostate, liver, breast, and thyroid gland. Existing UEI-based approaches can be classified into three groups: internal physiologic excitation, external excitation, and acoustic radiation force (ARF) excitation methods. Among these methods, ARF has become one of the most popular techniques for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease. This paper provides comprehensive information on the recently developed ARF-based UEI techniques and instruments for biomedical applications. The mechanical properties of soft tissue, ARF and displacement estimation methods, working principle and implementation instruments for each ARF-based UEI method are discussed.
Highlights
Changes in mechanical properties of tissues alter pathological state [1]
The results demonstrated that HMMDI has a potential to detect breast lesions inside fibro-glandular breast tissue
Numerous Ultrasound elasticity imaging (UEI) approaches have been extensively investigated for biomedical applications over the past two decades
Summary
Changes in mechanical properties of tissues alter pathological state [1]. Previous studies have demonstrated that fibroadenoma tissues and carcinomas are much harder than normal tissues [2]. Previous investigations have demonstrated that ultrasound-based internal perturbation techniques could generate a strong force to the tissue located deep inside the body, which can be applied to analyze the mechanical properties of biological tissue [44]. Among these excitation approaches, ARF methods are widely applied to generate shear waves due to the following advantages: a focused beam can be created by an ultrasound system to push tissue where an acoustic window exists; externally created shear waves can encounter the boundary conditions; and the created broadband shear waves by impulsive ARF excitation allow viscoelasticity analysis.
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