Abstract
Measurements of values of sediment physical properties, bubble volume, and bubble size distribution are used to predict sound speed and attenuation in the fine-grained, gassy sediments of Eckernförde Bay, Baltic Sea. The predicted results are compared to in situ and laboratory measurements of sound speed and attenuation over the frequency range of 5–400 kHz. Dispersion of sound speed is used to determine the upper limit of methane bubble resonance near 20 kHz. These data combined with bubble size distribution measured using CT scans of sediments held under ambient conditions yield an estimate of effective bubble size of 0.3–5.0-mm equivalent radii. Histograms of bubble size distribution are then used to predict frequency-dependent sound speed and attenuation based on the model of Anderson and Hampton [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 1865–1903 (1980)]. Given the highly variable spatial distribution of bubble volume and size, the agreement between theory and measurement is remarkably good.
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