Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur in everyday life in the form of blunt impacts, while military personnel experience a combination of blast and blunt impacts from explosives. Damage mechanisms in TBIs, including cavitation, are poorly understood due to the inability to optically monitor brain deformation inside the skull during collisions. To overcome these limitations, high frame rate acoustic plane wave imaging in conjunction with high-speed optical imaging were combined to visualize intracranial cavitation during impact of a transparent brain phantom. The full-scale phantom was composed of 7% and 10% (w/v) polyacrylamide (PAA) andenclosed in a 3D printed skull with acrylic windows for optical image acquisition. This surrogate utilizes simplified geometry to represent key anatomical features such as the gyri, sulci, and ventricles while possessing rheological properties similar to the human brain. Optical and acoustic data correlate cavitation to high-contrast regions. Acoustic spectra show expected harmonic and broadband behavior during cavitation bubble growth and collapse. Further processing with superresolution techniques may enhance cavitation localization providing a stand-alone acoustic tool applicable in various TBI scenarios allowing observations at depth, where optical techniques are limited.
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