Acoustic Metric and Planck Constants

Abstract

Based on Akama–Diakonov (AD) theory of emergent tetrads, it was suggested that one can introduce two Planck constants, hbar and not h , which are the parameters of the corresponding components of Minkowski metric, g_{text{Mink}}^{mu nu }=text{diag}(-{{hbar }^{2}},{{not h }^{2}},{{not h }^{2}},{{not h }^{2}}). In the Akama–Diakonov theory, the interval ds is dimensionless, as a result the metric elements and thus the Planck constants have nonzero dimensions. The Planck constant hbar has dimension of time, and the Planck constant not h has dimension of length. It is natural to compare not h with the Planck length {{l}_{{text{P}}}}. However, this connection remains an open question, because the microscopic (trans-Planckian) physics of the quantum vacuum is not known. Here we study this question using the effective gravity emerging for sound wave quanta (phonons) in superfluid Bose liquid, where the microscopic physics is known, and the elements of the effective acoustic metric are determined by the parameters of the Bose liquid. Since the acoustic interval is dimensionless, one may introduce the effective “acoustic Planck constants.” The acoustic Planck constant {{not h }_{text{ac}}} has dimension of length and is on the order of the interatomic distance. This supports the scenario in which not h sim {{l}_{text{P}}}. We also use the acoustic metric for consideration of dependence of hbar on the Hubble parameter in expanding Universe.