Abstract
In an attempt to explain the variation within this species and clarify the subspecies classification, an analysis of the genetic, calling songs, and morphological variations within the species Gampsocleis sedakovii is presented from Inner Mongolia, China. Recordings were compared of the male calling songs and analysis performed of selected acoustic variables. This analysis is combined with sequencing of mtDNA - COI and examination of morphological traits to perform cluster analyses. The trees constructed from different datasets were structurally similar, bisecting the six geographical populations studied. Based on two large branches in the analysis, the species Gampsocleis sedakovii was partitioned into two subspecies, Gampsocleis sedakovii sedakovii (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) and Gampsocleis sedakovii obscura (Walker, 1869). Comparing all the traits, the individual of Elunchun (ELC) was the intermediate type in this species according to the acoustic, genetic, and morphological characteristics. This study provides evidence for insect acoustic signal divergence and the process of subspeciation.
Highlights
Acoustic signals are important in several social behaviors of insects, such as sexual selection (Derlink et al 2014, Hirtenlehner and Römer 2014), predator defense (Kowalski et al 2014), and species recognition (Marshall et al 2008, Wikins et al 2013)
Individuals of G. sedakovii are generally classified into two subspecies, Gampsocleis sedakovii sedakovii (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) and Gampsocleis sedakovii obscura (Walker, 1869), differing morphologically in body size and the proportions of forewings and the pronotum (Zhou et al 2011)
It was previously reported that the acoustic behaviors and the traits of songs change with temperature, so the environmental temperature for each sound file was recorded to ensure every record was collected within a certain range of ambient temperature
Summary
Acoustic signals are important in several social behaviors of insects, such as sexual selection (Derlink et al 2014, Hirtenlehner and Römer 2014), predator defense (Kowalski et al 2014), and species recognition (Marshall et al 2008, Wikins et al 2013). Members of the order Orthoptera, including katydids and crickets, utilize acoustic signals to communicate (Gray et al 2014, Sarria et al 2014). These signals, produced by the rubbing of a toothed vein on one wing against a plectrum on the other, results in songs by stridulation (Montealegre 2012, Robillard and Desutter-Grandcolas 2011). Gampsocleis is a genus within Tettigoniidae, which includes sixteen species, eleven of which are found in China. Gampsocleis sedakovii (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846), a medium to large-sized, xerophilic, and slightly thermophilic katydid, is the most common and ubiquitous species distributed in northeast China. Individuals of G. sedakovii are generally classified into two subspecies, Gampsocleis sedakovii sedakovii (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) and Gampsocleis sedakovii obscura (Walker, 1869), differing morphologically in body size and the proportions of forewings and the pronotum (Zhou et al 2011)
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