Abstract
The canonical deep ocean sound channel is parametrized by the sound‐speed minimum, buoyancy frequency scale, and adiabatic fractional sound‐speed gradient. Variations in the sound‐speed parameters depend on spatial and temporal variations in temperature and salinity. These variations are described by probability density functions. The sound channel near the sound‐speed minimum is approximated by a Hirsch sound‐speed profile, and the low‐frequency acoustic field is derived. Analytic field density functions for received frequency, intensity, wave vector, and arrival time are derived by the application of the transformation of random variables, assuming the sound‐speed parameters are uncorrelated Gaussian random variables. The resulting field density functions are non Gaussian. Estimates for the sound‐speed parameters and associated variances are used to evaluate the field density functions.
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