Acoustic Fiber Bragg Grating and Its Application in High Temperature Sensing

Abstract

A novel concept of acoustic fiber Bragg grating (AFBG) was conceived and experimentally validated as an effective technique for high-temperature sensing. Similar to the well-known optical fiber Bragg grating, the AFBG employs interactions between waves and periodic structures on an elongated waveguide. Acoustic waves reflected from periodic structures interfere with each other and result in the emergence of resonance frequency when acoustic wavelength matches with pitch length of the periodic structures. When the single-mode operation condition is satisfied, the resonance frequency location can be accurately resolved and thus be used as an effective indicator for temperature sensing. To demonstrate this concept, an AFBG sample was fabricated on a telecommunication optical fiber (125- $\mu \text{m}$ diameter) with femtosecond laser micromachining setup, and it demonstrated sensing capability up to 700 °C, which was limited by the fiber material (fused silica) and could be over 1400 °C if other material, such as sapphire, was used as the waveguide. With the features of various applicable material, low system cost, and potential multiplexing capability, this AFBG technology is a promising candidate for high-temperature sensing, even in a distributed manner.