Abstract
The general aim of this paper is to demonstrate the significance of the acoustic environment in urban historical places, which represent intangible cultural heritage, and to emphasize the need for the spaces to have their own unique acoustic environment depending on their characteristics. Both sound pressure level measurements and sound classifications were conducted in three urban historical places to emphasize their effect on the character of the area. Based on the data obtained, noise maps were created. The results of the study indicated that there was no change in sound sources due to the similarity of past and present usage types of the three selected historical areas, and that sound sources as an element of cultural heritage in the area were preserved and survived to the present day as a consequence. The type of use, intensity of use, structural-plant density, and climatic change were found to be effective in determining the acoustic environment character. The continuity of sound sources, which are among the elements that constitute the identity in historical places in particular and can be considered as cultural heritage elements, and the harmony of these sound sources for the intended use of the space are the factors that should be taken into account in spatial planning and design.
Highlights
Historical urban areas have been shaped by generations through space and time, so they are unique with natural and cultural assets [1]
By means of observations and measurements made in the study areas, sound sources and sound pressure level (SPL) of these sources were determined and noise maps were created using SPLs detected along the walking route
When examining the changes in sound sources over time, it was determined that the human voice, it appeared to vary in intensity, was the most dominant sound type in the space, especially from 09:00 in the morning when the Madrasa began to be used until 18:00 in the evening when it was closed
Summary
Historical urban areas have been shaped by generations through space and time, so they are unique with natural and cultural assets [1]. The accumulated and stratified production of living cultures adds social, cultural, and economic value to historical urban areas. In this stratification, in addition to the natural features, such as topography, geomorphology, and hydrology of the area, the historical and cultural features, such as land use, built environment, tradition, and sensory features (auditory, olfactory, visual), have an important role. The increasing population and the change in environmental conditions require the change and transformation of these features and areas alike. This change and transformation reveal the danger of the disappearance of historical sites.
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