Abstract
This paper proposes an efficient speech recognition method for any spoken language of the world in general and Arabic script languages, including Arabic, Urdu, and Sindhi etc, in particular. For the purpose, Sindhi has been selected as an example language, since it has a superset of all other Arabic script languages’ phonemes and research has been conducted in two major areas including the definition and refinement of standard phonemes for Sindhi language comprising of vowels, semi-vowels, diphthongs, and consonants as defined by International Phonetic Association (IPA) and acoustic analysis of phonetics for Sindhi which includes analysis of waveforms, Linear Predictive Coefficient (LPC), and spectrographic characterizations, especially formants, of some of the phonemes, to identify the categorical properties of these phonemes and their boundary detection in an utterance. The objective is to provide a guideline and solid foundation for development of efficient speech recognition systems for Sindhi language in particular and all Arabic script languages in general.
Highlights
During the last few years, Pakistan has invested some collaborative development interventions
This study especially focuses on the dynamics of the three sectors with reference to Pakistan in order to provide a basis to state and other two sectors to become partners in social development
Carroll writes in his book ‘The Supporting Link in Grass Roots Development’ while discussing ‘terms and definitions, the Grass Roots Organizations (GROs) and Membership Organizations (MSO) are the two subsets of the broad spectrum of Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) [9]
Summary
During the last few years, Pakistan has invested some collaborative development interventions. At the advent of the new model of governance envisaged in the devolution plan 2000, the importance of the public private partnership has increased. In this reference, the structure, character and nature of Government, Business and Non-Governmental Organizations - three sectors of society, which can be potentially beneficial in the socio-economic development of Pakistan, need to be understood. This paper presents a discussion on the three sectors of society as prospective partners in social development
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