Abstract
Aconitic acid (propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid) is the most prevalent 6-carbon organic acid that accumulates in sugarcane and sweet sorghum. As a top value-added chemical, aconitic acid may function as a chemical precursor or intermediate for high-value downstream industrial and biological applications. These downstream applications include use as a bio-based plasticizer, cross-linker, and the formation of valuable and multi-functional polyesters that have also been used in tissue engineering. Aconitic acid also plays various biological roles within cells as an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in conferring unique survival advantages to some plants as an antifeedant, antifungal, and means of storing fixed pools of carbon. Aconitic acid has also been reported as a fermentation inhibitor, anti-inflammatory, and a potential nematicide. Since aconitic acid can be sustainably sourced from renewable, inexpensive sources such as sugarcane, molasses, and sweet sorghum syrup, there is enormous potential to provide multiple streams of additional income to the sugar industry through downstream industrial and biological applications that we discuss in this review.
Highlights
Aconitic acid,acid, propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid acid (Figure1), is 1), listed as oneasofone the of topthe30 top Aconitic propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic
WU-0701 encodes an aconitate isomerase that catalyzes the reversible isomerization between trans-aconitic a (TAA) and cis isomer of aconitic acid (CAA), an intermediate in the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle [49]
During β-oxidation, fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA, which feeds into the TCA cycle to generate ATP for energy, so TAA was of particular interest as an inhibitor of aconitase in the TCA cycle [57]
Summary
1. Chemical structure of trans-aconitic acid acid and and its three stepwise carboxylic acid acid dissociation constants in aqueous solution. Cis-aconitic acid is obtained by rotation around the circled double constants in aqueous solution. Aconitic acid exists in two forms: trans and cis, with the trans-aconitic a (TAA). Acid predominant, exists in two forms: trans and cis, with theacid trans-aconitic acid by sev higher plants as part of a strategy to balance the redox level, store fixed pools (TAA) isomer being the predominant, stable form. The cis isomer of aconitic acid (CAA) is a low-level intermediate in (TCA)cycle cycleduring [5,6,7].
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