Acidolysis of terebinth fruit oil with palmitic and caprylic acids in a recirculating packed bed reactor: optimization using response surface methodology

D Koçak Yanık,S Fadıloğlu,H Keskin,F GöğüŞ

doi:10.3989/gya.0633152

Abstract

The acidolysis reaction of terebinth fruit oil with caprylic and palmitic acid has been investigated. The reaction was catalyzed by lipase (Lipozyme IM from Rhizomucormiehei ) and carried out in recirculating packed bed reactor. The effects of reaction parameters have been analyzed using response surface methodology. Reaction time (3.5–6.5 h), enzyme load (10–20%), substrate flow rate (4–8 mL·min -1 ) and substrate mole ratios (Terebinth oil : Palmitic acid : Caprylic acid, 1:1.83:1.22–1:3.07:2.05) were evaluated. The optimum reaction conditions were 5.9 h reaction time, 10% enzyme load, 4 mL·min -1 substrate flow rate and 1:3.10:2.07 substrate mole ratio. The structured lipid obtained at these optimum conditions had 52.23% desired triacylglycerols and a lower caloric value than that of terebinth fruit oil. The melting characteristics and microstructure of the structured lipid were similar to those of commercial margarine fat extracts. The results showed that the structured lipid had the highest oxidative stability among the studied fats.

Highlights

Most native fats and oils have different functional and physical properties, metabolic fate and health benefits due to their component fatty acid (FA) residues and the distribution of them on the glycerol backbone of triacylglycerols (TAG) (Khodadadi et al, 2013)
Enzymatic acidolysis reactions can be performed in various systems such as batch-type or packed bed reactors (PBR) but packed bed reactors seem to be more suitable with a relatively short reaction time and reduced enzyme loss due to the absence of collisions between enzyme particles and an impeller (Zhao et al, 2012)
The total produced TAGs were the sum of all the TAGs which were synthesized by the acidolysis reaction

Summary

Introduction

Most native fats and oils have different functional and physical properties, metabolic fate and health benefits due to their component fatty acid (FA) residues and the distribution of them on the glycerol backbone of triacylglycerols (TAG) (Khodadadi et al, 2013). SLs are a main class of modified lipids that can be obtained either chemically or enzymatically (Osborn and Akoh, 2002). The fruit of Pistaciaterebinthus L. is an oil rich seed This oily seed has 40–60% crude oil which is rich in oleic acid (52.3%) followed by palmitic (21.3%) and linoleic (19.7%) acids (Özcan, 2004; Agar et al, 1995). The major constituents of sn-2 fatty acids of this oil are oleic (67.0%) and linoleic (23.6%) acids (Koçak et al, 2011). It can be considered as a promising substrate for the synthesis of structured lipids

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