Abstract
The clearest evidence for impacts of acidic deposition is the documentation of adverse effects on fish populations. Loss of fish populations associated with acidification of surface waters has been documented for five areas—the Adirondack region of New York State, the LaCloche Mountain region of Ontario, Nova Scotia, southern Norway, and southern Sweden. In other regions of the world with low alkalinity waters receiving acidic deposition, acidification of surface waters does not appear to have progressed to levels clearly detrimental to fish. Three major mechanisms for the disappearance of fish populations with acidification have been proposed: (1) decreased food availability and/or quality, (2) fish kills during episodic acidification, and (3) recruitment failure. Each probably plays some role, although recruitment failure has been hypothesized as the most common cause of population loss.
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