Abstract
Hot (≥ 88-120 °C) and acidic (pH ≤ 2.1) hydrothermal fluids rich in sulfate were discovered venting in the DESMOS caldera (depth = 1926 m), eastern Manus back-arc basin, Bismarck Sea, surrounded by Papua New Guinea. The abundant sulfate (≥ 32.8 m M , higher than the seawater value of 28 m M ) with elemental sulfur deposition around the vents, and remarkably low δD(H 2 O) and δ 34 S(H 2 S) values (−8.1‰ and −5.6‰, respectively), are suggestive of the incorporation of a magmatic fluid and the disproportionation of the exsolved SO 2 from a magma body. The DESMOS fluid may be similar in origin to the acidic sulfate-chloride hot springs associated with subaerial volcanic activity. In contrast to the typical hydrothermal end member Mg concentration of 0, the DESMOS fluids are rich in Mg (46–52 m M ), probably because of Mg dissolution by acid attack upon magnesium silicate minerals.
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