Acid resilience oral mucosal delivery for vaccination against Hepatitis-B

Abstract

The predominant mode of transmission for the viral infection that causes hepatitis B as the major reason of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is by the parenteral or permucosal route. M-cell targeted acid-resistant oral vaccine administration has been developed for Hepatitis B infection prevention. The solvent injection approach was used to create cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLNs). Alginate-coated cSLNs loaded with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were conjugated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To assess the produced formulation's resistance against acid degradation, SDS-PAGE was used. ELISA assays were used to measure anti-HBsAgIgG/IgA antibodies in mucosal fluids after female Balb/c mice were used to determine the induction of immunity induced by manufactured nanoparticle for hepatitis B infection prevention. After 48 h, alginate-coated cSLNs showed sustained releasing of HBsAg compared to cSLNs devoid of alginate coating. Anti-HBsAG was produced in the intestinal, salivary, and vaginal secretions at levels that were comparatively elevated in comparison to that of the control group, which had an anti-HBsAG titer of 0.25 IU/ml. After binding with SLN, the M-cells' integrity was preserved, and the oral administration helped the antigen reach the gut where it was most needed. It was discovered to be successful at generating antibodies during the mucosal immunization against the hepatitis B virus. As a result, LPS-conjugated alginate-coated cSLNs loaded with HBsAg offers a promising substitute for an existing vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis B infection.