Acid phosphatase activity during the interaction of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans with the nematode Panagrellus sp

Abstract

The use of Duddingtonia flagrans, a nematode-trapping fungus, has been investigated as a biological control method against free living larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock animals. This fungus captures and infects the nematode by cuticle penetration, immobilization and digestion of the internal contents. It has been suggested that this sequence of events occurs by a combination of physical and enzymatical activities. This report characterizes the acid phosphatase activity during the interaction of D. flagrans with the free-living nematode Panagrellus sp. The optimum pH for the hydrolysis of the acid phosphatase substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate was 2.2, 2.8 and 5.4 from D. flagrans alone and 2.2 and 5.4 for Panagrellus sp alone, fungus–nematode interaction in liquid medium and fungus–nematode interaction in solid medium. Different acid phosphatase activity bands were detected by SDS–PAGE. Maximum acid phosphatase activity of the fungus or nematode alone and of the fungus–nematode interaction occurred within 70 min of incubation in the presence of the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate. The activity of this enzyme was significantly higher for the fungus–nematode interaction when compared to the organisms alone, indicating a synergistic response. Furthermore, structures appeared in the hyphae after 30 min, nematodes were observed adhered after 40 min and many were captured by the typical fungus traps after 70 min of interaction. The participation of acid phosphatase activity and its importance during the interaction of the fungus with the nematode were discussed.