Acid neutralizing and remineralizing orthodontic adhesive containing hydrated calcium silicate

Abstract

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate an orthodontic adhesive containing hydrated calcium silicate (hCS) in terms of its bond strength with the enamel surface and its acid-neutralization and apatite-forming abilities. MethodsThe experimental orthodontic adhesives were composed of 30 wt.% resin matrix and 70 wt.% filler, which itself was a mixture of silanized glass filler and hCS in weight ratios of 100% glass filler (hCS 0), 17.5% hCS (hCS 17.5), 35% hCS (hCS 35.0), and 52.5% hCS (hCS 52.5). The degree of conversion (DC) and shear bond strength (SBS) of bovine enamel surfaces were tested. pH measurements were performed immediately upon submersion of the specimens in a lactic acid solution. The surface precipitates that formed on specimens immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Raman spectroscopy after 15, 30, and 90 days. ResultsThe experimental groups exhibited no significant differences in DC and had clinically acceptable SBS values. The hCS-containing groups showed increasing pH values as more hCS was added. hCS 52.5 produced Ca- and P-containing surface precipitates after PBS immersion, and hydroxyapatite deposition was detected after 15, 30, and 90 days. ConclusionsThese results suggest that orthodontic adhesives containing hCS are effective for acid neutralization. Furthermore, hCS has an apatite-forming ability for enamel remineralization. Clinical significanceThe novel orthodontic adhesive containing hCS exhibits a potential clinical benefit against demineralization and enhanced remineralization of the enamel surface around or beneath the orthodontic brackets.