Acid induced dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on in situ formation of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of bisphenol A and alkylphenols in water and beverage samples

Abstract

This study describes the development of an acid induced dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on the in situ formation of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of bisphenol A and alkylphenols from environmental water and beverage samples. Hydrochloric acid altered the hydrophilic-hydrophobic state of fatty acid salts to obtain hydrophobic fatty acids, which formed hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents with analytes in situ to extract the analytes. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection and limits of quantitation were 0.03–0.1 μg L-1 and 0.12–0.3 μg L-1, the intraday and interday relative standard deviations were less than 3.9 %, and the enrichment factor was 29–32. The recoveries of bisphenol A and alkylphenols were 95.9–104.9 % and 86.9–105.0 %, respectively. The extraction process used only hydrochloric acid and fatty acid salts, and the extraction process required less than 1 min. This method has the advantages of simplicity, speed, low cost and environmental friendliness.