Acid and Alkaline Phosphatases Specific activities and Expression as Biomarkers in Brain Tumor Grading and Correlation of Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma G-III to Meningiomas G-I among Brain Tumors and their primary culture

Abstract

BackgroundAcid Phosphatase (ACP) and Alkaline Phosphatases (ALP) are hydrolases that remove phosphate groups from protein and nucleic acid respectively for regulation of cell function from ACP as lysosomal defence function and ALP membrane-bound as a barrier of the cell. The ACP and ALP-specific activities of Meningiomas (n = 75) and gliomas (n = 81) were compared among brain tumors, normal brain, and derived primary cell culture. MethodsTotal Protein and Phosphatases assays estimated by Spectrophotometer and Native PAGE Gel Electrophoresis. Brain tumor and primary explant lysosome studies were performed with an electron microscope. ResultsAverage ACP specific activity exhibited 9.32617 ± 4.1144 for meningiomas (n = 55) and 5.91 ± 5.8305 for gliomas (n = 60) respectively as compared to normal brain 7.104 ± 1.33 (n = 120) nm/min/mg of protein. Average ALP exhibited 37.1862 ± 39.91 (n = 36) for meningiomas and 5.91 ± 5.83 (n = 60) for gliomas respectively as compared to normal brain (n = 117) 2.463 ± 1.01 nm/min/mg of protein.ACP and ALP exhibited higher activities for meningiomas but not for gliomas as compared to normal brain, in contrast, both expressed more activities in the majority of glioma cell lines and lower in meningioma cell lines. Interestingly gliomas exhibited similar average specific activities for ACP and ALP. While GBM IV exhibits lower ALP activities due to cell migration and higher ACP activity correlate too many storage lysosomes from Electron microscopic observation as compared to meningiomas. ConclusionsHigher ALP activities can be surrogate markers from meningiomas G-I, G-II to G-III respectively. However meningiomas G-III are similar to gliomas excluding Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma G- III which is similar to Meningiomas G-I even for cells growth patterns. Therefore, an ALP level in meningiomas indicates complementary diagnosis as antibody-ALP conjugates with anticancer drugs for efficiency in targeting brain tumor reduction.