Abstract
Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) D.C. is a herb native to South America, and its inflorescences are popularly employed to treat inflammatory diseases. Here, the effects of the in vivo actions of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from inflorescences of A. satureioides on neutrophil trafficking into inflamed tissue were investigated. Male Wistar rats were orally treated with A. satureioides extract, and inflammation was induced one hour later by lipopolysaccharide injection into the subcutaneous tissue. The number of leukocytes and the amount of chemotactic mediators were quantified in the inflammatory exudate, and adhesion molecule and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) expressions and phorbol-myristate-acetate- (PMA-) stimulated oxidative burst were quantified in circulating neutrophils. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions were quantified in the mesentery tissue. Enzymes and tissue morphology of the liver and kidney were evaluated. Treatment with A. satureioides extract reduced neutrophil influx and secretion of leukotriene B4 and CINC-1 in the exudates, the number of rolling and adhered leukocytes in the mesentery postcapillary venules, neutrophil L-selectin, β2-integrin and TLR-4 expression, and oxidative burst, but did not cause an alteration in the morphology and activities of liver and kidney. Together, the data show that A. satureioides extract inhibits neutrophil functions related to the innate response and does not cause systemic toxicity.
Highlights
Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) D.C. is a herb native to South America
This study investigated the in vivo actions of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from inflorescences of A. satureoides on neutrophil trafficking from the blood into inflamed tissue
Air filters were purchased from TPP, Switzerland, and all reagents used in preparing the phosphate buffered solution (PBS) and ringer solution were purchased from Merck, USA
Summary
Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) D.C. is a herb native to South America. In Brazil, it predominantly occurs in southern regions, where it is popularly known as Marcela or Macela and is largely employed in folk medicine [1]. The ethnopharmacological use of infusions prepared from inflorescences of A. satureoides leads to the relief of symptoms of inflammatory disorders, asthma, anxiety, gastric ulcers, and other digestive diseases [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Investigations on its chemical composition showed that the extract obtained from inflorescences is rich in flavonoids, mainly quercetin and luteolin [1, 8, 9]. Experimental assays in vivo and in vitro have confirmed the ethnopharmacological employment of the extracts obtained from inflorescences of A. satureoides. In this context, the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from A. satureoides in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was shown [10], which may be correlated with the modulation of the innate immune response. Puhlmann and coauthors [11] showed enhanced in vivo phagocytic activity
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