Abstract
Currently, researchers and clinicians lack achromatized endomicroscope objectives that are as narrow as biopsy needles. We present a proof-of-concept prototype that validates the optical design of an NA0.4 objective. The objective, built with plastic lenses, has a 0.9 mm clear aperture and is achromatized from 452 nm to 623 nm. The objective’s measured Strehl ratio is 0.74 ± 0.05 across a 250 μm FOV. We perform optical sectioning via structured illumination through the objective while capturing fluorescence images of breast carcinoma cells stained with proflavine and cresyl violet. This technology has the potential to improve optical biopsies and provide the next step forward in cancer diagnostics.
Highlights
Breast cancer is a disease that will affect one in eight women in America during their lifetime [1]
Diagnoses typically require removing tissue samples or cells via invasive biopsy before a pathologist examines them with a bench top microscope
The endomicroscope can pierce the tissue to the region of interest, like a conventional biopsy needle, and relay microscopic images out of the patient, allowing a mid-biopsy diagnosis
Summary
Breast cancer is a disease that will affect one in eight women in America during their lifetime [1]. When a suspicious region of the breast is identified during screening, usually via mammogram or clinical breast exam, a diagnosis is needed. Diagnoses typically require removing tissue samples or cells via invasive biopsy before a pathologist examines them with a bench top microscope. Cellular organization and nuclear size and shape are used to identify benign tissue, carcinoma in situ, invasive cancer, and other types of tissue, including inflammation and atypical hyperplasia [2,3]. A potential alternative to conventional biopsies is an “optical biopsy,” which uses a needle-sized endomicroscope to provide real-time, in vivo microscopy images without tissue removal. The endomicroscope can pierce the tissue to the region of interest, like a conventional biopsy needle, and relay microscopic images out of the patient, allowing a mid-biopsy diagnosis. Optical biopsies should provide similar results to the current gold standard for diagnosis: conventional biopsy followed by H&E histology
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