Achilles tendon rupture overview, principles of management, athletes, and return to play

Abstract

Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is the most common tendon injury in the lower limb, and its incidence has been on the rise since the 1980s. Individuals with Achilles tendon rupture often present with pain, snapping, and audible popping at the site of injury. The mechanism of rupture is described as a suddenly forced plantar flexion of the foot. Moreover, direct trauma, existing tendinopathy, and conditions that cause degeneration are all frequent contributors to the etiology. In addition, basketball, diving, and tennis are all sports that place players at a higher potential risk for Achilles rupture. It is debatable whether the operative management of Achilles ruptures is superior to non-operative management. However, each of the approaches has its own advantages and possible disadvantages.