Abstract
Dense and porous nickel-free Ti–11Nb–4O (at.%) alloys with Af temperature closed to body temperature were fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy (sintering) method from elemental Ti and Nb powders. Their microstructure, phase transformation temperature, superelasticity and mechanical properties at room temperature were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and compression testing. It has been found that the phase temperature of Ti–11Nb–4O alloy by sintering is different from that by smelting and cold-rolling method due to the introduction of oxygen during powder mixing and sintering, and the Af temperature can reach up about 40°C by reducing Nb content and controlling oxygen. Near dense Ti–11Nb–4O alloys can exhibit more than 5.4% superelasticity, high cyclic stability up to 100cycles, high yield strength of 1.48GPa and small strain hysteresis of 0.14% at room temperature. Moreover, porous Ti–11Nb–4O alloys with 29.4% porosity also can show complete superelasticity of near 3%, yield strength of 800MPa and elastic modulus of 24.5GPa at room temperature, which can be considered as one of perfect bone replacement materials in conjunction with their excellent biocompatibility.
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