Achieving rapid sodiation/desodiation kinetics in NASICON-structured Na3MnTi(PO4)3 via Cr doping

Abstract

Na3MnTi(PO4)3 is one of the most promising cathode candidates for sodium-ion batteries owing to its low cost, high operating voltage, and large reversible capacity. However, its electrochemical performance is significantly impeded by its deteriorative structure and sluggish Na+ diffusion kinetics. Herein, Cr-doping is introduced to tailor the structure of Na3MnTi(PO4)3, which helps to lengthen the Na2-O bond and expand the Na ion diffusion channels. X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and first principle calculations confirm the broadened diffusion channel for Na+ and facilitated Na+ diffusion rate after Cr-doping. As a result, the Na3.1MnTi0.9Cr0.1(PO4)3 electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance with high discharge capacity (167.5 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C), outstanding rate capability (127.5 mAh g–1 at 10 C), and remarkable cyclability (70.56 % retention after 1400 cycles at 5 C). We believe that the results are useful for the design of high-performance NASICON-structured cathode materials for practical sodium-ion batteries.