Achieving high energy storage density in BaTiO3- (Bi0.5Li0.5)(Ti0.5Sn0.5)O3 lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Abstract

New environmental protection energy storage devices have been widely studied in recent years. BaTiO3-based ceramics are considered excellent materials for achieving high energy storage due to their exceptional dielectric and ferroelectric properties. In this study, a series of (1-x)BaTiO3-x(Bi0.5Li0.5)(Ti0.5Sn0.5)O3 (xBLST, x = 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25) ceramics were successfully synthesized by the conventional solid-phase method. The 0.2BLST ceramics exhibited a high recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 3.83 J/cm3 and high energy storage efficiency (η) of 88 % under the breakdown strength (Eb) of 525 kV/cm. Moreover, the Wrec of 0.2BLST ceramics had outstanding stability over 1–120 Hz and between 20 and 180 °C. Finally, the 0.2BLST ceramics displayed excellent charge–discharge performance with a discharge power of up to 86 MW/cm3, a high discharge density of 0.68 J/cm3, and an extremely fast discharge time (t0.9∼71 ns). These properties establish that 0.2BLST ceramic is a promising lead-free energy material.