Achieving Clinical Success in Nonsedated Velopharyngeal MRI: Insights for Optimal Data Quality & Effective Patient Selection.

Abstract

The ability of MRI for in vivo visualization of the velopharyngeal (VP) musculature makes it the only imaging modality for this purpose. This underscores a need for exploration into clinical translation of this imaging modality on craniofacial teams. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of a clinically feasible VP MRI protocol and describe the ideal patient population for utilization of this imaging protocol. Sixty children (2-12 years) with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) underwent a nonsedated, child-friendly MRI protocol. No exclusions based on syndromic conditions were made. Logistic regression assessed predictors of VP MRI success and multinomial logistic regression evaluated factors influencing quality of anatomic data. An 85% overall success rate was achieved, including children as young as two and those with syndromic diagnoses. Stratifying by age revealed a 97.5% success rate in children ages four and up. The regression model [χ2(5) = 37.443, p < 0.001] explained 81.4% of success rate variance, correctly classifying 93.3% of cases. Increased age significantly predicted success (p=0.046), while sex and syndromic conditions did not. Multinomial regression identified preparatory materials (p=0.011) and audio/video during the scan (p=0.024) as predictors for improved image quality. Implementation of VP MRI is feasible for a broad population of children with VPI, including those with concomitant syndromic diagnoses. Quality is improved by incorporating pre-scan preparation and audio/visual stimuli during scans. This underscores the potential of VP MRI as a valuable tool in clinical settings, especially for pre-surgical assessments.