Achievement of high availability in long-term operation and upgrading plan of the LHD superconducting system

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The Large Helical Device (LHD) is not only the largest stellarator for the research of fusion plasma near a reactor region but also the largest superconducting system. Availability higher than 98% has been achieved in the long-term continuous operation both in the cryogenic system and in the power supply system. It is due to the robustness of the systems and efforts of maintenance and operation. One big problem is the shortage of cryogenic stability of a pair of pool-cooled helical coils. Composite conductors had been developed to attain sufficient stability at high current density. However, it was revealed that a normal-zone could propagate below the cold-end recovery current by additional heat generation due to the slow current diffusion into a thick pure aluminium stabilizer. Besides, a novel detection system with pick-up coils along the helical coils revealed that normal-zones were initiated near the bottom of the coil where the field is not the highest. Therefore, the cooling condition around the innermost layers, the high field area, will be deteriorated at the bottom of the coil by bubbles gathered by buoyancy. In order to raise the operating currents, methods for improving the cryogenic stability have been examined and stability tests have been carried out with a model coil and small coil samples. We selected a method to lower temperatures of the coil and an additional cooler has been installed at the inlet of the coil. The outlet temperatures of the coil have been successfully lowered to 3.8 from 4.4 K of the saturated temperature, as planned.