Abstract
Abstract: Canada and its provinces and territories regularly subscribe to student achievement programs, primarily for social accountability purposes. In addition to administering their own provincial and territorial programs, they have participated for the past 30 years in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), and School Achievement Indicators Program (SAIP), recently replaced by the Pan-Canadian Assessment Program (PCAP). These programs assess the achievement of primary and secondary students in mathematics, science, reading, and writing. The PIRLS, PISA and PCAP all have a reading component, but only SAIP has a section on writing.
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