Acetylcholine Receptor Formation in Mouse–Chick Chimera

Abstract

This study investigated possible interactions between motoneurons and somitic-derived muscle cells in the formation of neuromuscular synapses in the myotome. The peculiarities of the neuromuscular synaptic pattern in chick and mouse embryos provided a model for studying the achievement of synaptogenesis between chick motoneurons and mouse muscle cells. In chick embryo, initial AChR clustering occurs well before innervation of the myotome, whereas in mouse embryo nerve axons invade the myotome extensively before the appearance of AChR clusters. Our approach was to replace somites from a chick host embryo with those derived from mouse donor embryos. We show that muscle cells from mouse myotome can differentiate in the chick embryo environment and form neuromuscular contacts with chick motor axons. Host axons invadedin ovodifferentiating mouse myotome at a time when they had not yet reached the host myotome. This particular ingrowth of motor nerves was attributable to the mouse transplant since use of a quail somite did not produce the same effect as the mouse somite, which suggests that developing mouse muscles specifically modify the time course of chick axogenesis. The synaptic areas formed between chick motor axons and mouse myotubes developed according to the mouse pattern. Both the timing of their appearance and their morphology correlated perfectly with events in mouse synaptogenesis. These results indicate the important role played by postsynaptic membrane in controlling the first steps of AChR formation.