Abstract
Taro Boloso-I (TB1), a newly improved Colocasia esculenta variety, is a potential source of starch with high yield. However, to improve some limitations of the native starches (NS), such as flowability and compactibility, different physical and chemical starch modifications have been employed. Acetylation is one of the chemical modifications which improves the flow and compaction of the NS, which are prerequisite during direct compression (DC) of tablets. Hence, in this study, TB1 starch was acetylated using acetic anhydride and evaluated as an ideal excipient for direct compression. Starch acetates (SA) with a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.072 (SA1) and 0.695 (SA2) were produced and evaluated. FTIR spectra of the SAs were used to verify the acetylation of the NS. Powder flow evaluation parameters showed significant improvement in the flow properties of the NS following acetylation. In addition, the swelling power, solubility, and compactibility were also improved. Tensile strength (TS) of the tablets comprising SAs only, SA1 (41.40) and SA2 (63.43 Kg/cm2), was significantly higher than tablets made of the NS (31.96) and Starch 1500® (15.12 Kg/cm2). The SAs also showed lower sensitivity towards lubrication than the NS and Starch 1500® as lower lubricant sensitivity ratios were recorded. In addition, tablets comprising the SAs satisfactorily accommodated at least up to 50 % w/w paracetamol—compared to 30 % w/w by Starch 1500®—upon DC processing. The paracetamol tablets comprising SAs also complied with the United States Pharmacopeia specifications for disintegration and dissolution studies. Therefore, taking all the facts into consideration, the SAs could be potential DC excipients in tablet formulations.
Highlights
® 1500 —upon direct compression (DC) processing. e paracetamol tablets comprising Starch acetates (SA) complied with the United States Pharmacopeia specifications for disintegration and dissolution studies. erefore, taking all the facts into consideration, the starch acetates (SAs) could be potential DC excipients in tablet formulations
Fresh TB1 tubers were cleaned, peeled, and shredded into small thin slices and crushed with 1% NaCl solution using a blender. e resulting mass was placed over a muslin cloth and repeatedly washed with a solution containing 1% NaCl and 0.03 N NaOH. e resulting sediment from the filtrate was further washed with demineralized water (DW) until the supernatant becomes clear and pH is neutral. e starch was dried at 40°Crushing strength (Cs) in an oven (Memmert SM-200, Germany)
Rincon-Aguirre et al [5] acetylated Taro starch at 25°C for 30 min using the method of [25] and reported a degree of substitution (DS) of about 1.963. e difference with the present work might be attributed to the amylose content, which was reported to be about 15%
Summary
® 1500 —upon DC processing. e paracetamol tablets comprising SAs complied with the United States Pharmacopeia specifications for disintegration and dissolution studies. erefore, taking all the facts into consideration, the SAs could be potential DC excipients in tablet formulations. Introduction e rapidly evolving and competitive pharmaceutical market is promoting the production of innovative, highquality, and low-cost products Such requirements necessitate the development of new excipients with multifunctional properties [1]. Such excipients can provide pharmaceutical manufacturers with cost savings in drug development [2] and reduce the final cost of production. More attention has been focused on the development of starch from different botanical sources for this purpose [3] In this regard, many tropical countries have different species which might be a potential source of starch [4]. Taro Boloso-I (TB1) is an improved new variety of Colocasia esculenta, officially released from Areka Agricultural Research Institute Its poor flow restricts its use as direct compression (DC) excipient in tablet formulations
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