Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is a toxic secondary metabolite generated by Fusarium species, is synthesized through two separate acetylation pathways. Both acetylation derivatives, 3-acetyl-DON (3ADON) and 15-acetyl-DON (15ADON), also contaminate grain and corn widely. These derivatives are deacetylated via a variety of processes after ingestion, so it has been suggested that they have the same toxicity as DON. However, in the intestinal entry region such as the duodenum, the derivatives might come into contact with intestinal epithelium cells because metabolism by microflora or import into the body has not progressed. Therefore, the differences of toxicity between DON and these derivatives need to be investigated. Here, we observed gene expression changes in the yeast pdr5Δ mutant strain under concentration-dependent mycotoxin exposure conditions. 15ADON exposure induced significant gene expression changes and DON exposure generally had a similar but smaller effect. However, the glucose transporter genes HXT2 and HXT4 showed converse trends. 3ADON also induced a different expression trend in these genes than DON and 15ADON. These differences in gene expression suggest that DON and its derivatives have different effects on cells.
Highlights
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite synthesized by Fusarium species, and is a mycotoxin that has various toxic effects
It has been reported that the mutant of SNQ2, which is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (Table 1), has moderate sensitivity to mycotoxins [20]
Both coding proteins, Pdr5p and Snq2p, are thought to be important for decreasing DON toxicity. The expression of these genes is regulated by the same transcription system as Pdr1p and Pdr3p (Figure 3a), so it is assumed that the expression of SNQ2 is up-regulated by the DON family in the pdr5∆ mutant
Summary
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite synthesized by Fusarium species, and is a mycotoxin that has various toxic effects. It is uncertain whether the differences in gene expression correspond to toxicity level changes because a number of genes, such as regulatory genes that encode transcription factors, often show temporary or rapid changes. The gene expression changes will not provide clear information Another way to obtain continuous gene expression data is with a concentration-dependent exposure experiment, which, through gene expression changes, could provide new insight into the differences in toxicity characteristics between DON and its derivatives. DNA microarray analysis revealed significant expression changes derived from high-toxicity materials such as DON or 15ADON. We examined several new genes that showed different expression changes between trichothecenes, and identified concentration-dependent gene expression trends that could distinguish each mycotoxin
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