Abstract

Uniform and high-electronic-quality perovskite thin films are necessary for high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and additives play a major role in improving the quality of the perovskite films. Here, we demonstrate acetylammonium chloride (AAC) as an additive to effectively control the morphology and crystal quality of the methylammonium lead iodide perovskite film. AAC incorporated PSCs have shown an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.9% compared to 14.9% of the control device. Furthermore, AAC incorporated PSCs exhibit high operational stability by retaining 89% of the initial efficiency after 150 h of continuous operation while the control devices degrade to 51% of the initial PCE in just 45 h. The improved performance and stability of the AAC incorporated PSCs can be attributed to the (a) formation of uniform sized perovskite films of larger grains and (b) passivation of defects present in the grain boundaries and surfaces of the perovskite film. The defect density has reduced from 4.1 × 1016 to 1.97 × 1016 cm−3 on addition of AAC to the perovskite film. The reduction in defects-induced non-radiative recombination decay pathways, as further verified from impedance and capacitance–frequency measurements, has caused an enhancement in the open circuit voltage of the AAC incorporated devices and thus an improvement in the PCE and stability of the devices.

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