Abstract
The demonstration of photovoltaic devices with high power conversion efficiencies using low cost perovskite materials hints at the possibility of dramatically lowering the cost of solar energy. Key to further exploiting the potential of these materials is developing rapid processing techniques that can be used to deliver lower cost high throughput manufacture. This work details the development of low viscosity rapid drying perovskite formulations designed to give high quality solar films when slot-die coated on flexible roll-to-roll compatible substrates. A single step slot-die compatible perovskite ink based on an acetonitrile/methylamine solvent system utilizing a chloride additive is developed, resulting in large area perovskite films from slot-die coating under ambient conditions. The drying conditions for the perovskite film are optimized and fast (<10 min), low temperature (<120 °C) drying of slot-die coated films on flexible substrates are demonstrated and result in high performance devices.
Highlights
A large portion of the cost of conventional photovoltaic solar energy comes from the bill of materials for the module, the high cost of the absorber material, and the speed of manufacturing relative to required capital expenditure (CapEx).[1,2]
The ability to solution process these materials at low temperature and incorporate into exible device stacks gives the possibility of using high throughput manufacturing processes, such as roll-to-roll printing and coating, that could be exploited to further reduce the cost of manufacturing.[3,4]
Devices with a p–i–n structure made using these lms result in poor JV scan photovoltaic parameters, as shown in Fig. 3 and S1 and summarized in Table S1,† with a median power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of around 4%, mainly due to poor Jsc
Summary
A large portion of the cost of conventional photovoltaic solar energy comes from the bill of materials for the module, the high cost of the absorber material, and the speed of manufacturing relative to required capital expenditure (CapEx).[1,2] To further lower the cost of solar energy, which is required for high solar penetration in modern grids, research has been directed at nding lower cost absorber materials that give high power outputs and are processed . Films prepared from inks with HCl(aq) addition display a shi in the position of the valence band edge, shown in Fig. S6.† This phenomenon has been reported for lms prepared from ACN based solvent systems between lms with and without a post treatment of MACl and has been related to improved electronic properties of the lms for use in perovskite solar cells,[54] and similar features are displayed here for lms prepared using a single step process.
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